Skip to main content
Home

Main navigation

  • Centers & Programs
    • Centers
      • Center for Energy Studies
      • Center for Health and Biosciences
      • Center for the Middle East
      • Center for Public Finance
      • Center for the U.S. and Mexico
      • McNair Center
      Center for Energy Studies
      Providing new insights on the role of economics, policy and regulation in the performance and evolution of energy markets.
      More Details
      The globe at night, lights in populated areas illuminated
      Center for Health and Biosciences
      Advancing data-based policies that promote health and well-being in the U.S. and around the world.
      More Details
      Female healthcare worker lifts finger to press digital buttons featuring topical iconography
      Edward P. Djerejian Center for the Middle East
      Developing pragmatic policy approaches to the region’s enduring political, economic and societal concerns.
      More Details
      Topographic map of Middle East
      Center for Public Finance
      Delivering research and analysis on the effects of major U.S. fiscal policies.
      More Details
      Stack of coins with mathematical figure overlays
      Center for the U.S. and Mexico
      Strengthening the binational relationship by addressing major concerns on both sides of the border.
      More Details
      Textured flags of America and Mexico
      McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
      Providing actionable policy analysis and recommendations that aim to expand the economy through private enterprise.
      More Details
      Professionals gather around a large table with laptops, printed documents and coffee cups for a business meeting
    • Programs
      • China Studies
      • Drug Policy
      • International Economics
      • Presidential Elections
      • Religion & Public Policy
      • Science & Technology Policy
      • Space Policy
      China Studies
      Analyzing the influence of the transnational circulation of people, technologies, commodities and ideas in China.
      Read More
      Person walks alongside large banner with Chinese characters
      Drug Policy
      Pursuing research and open debate to develop pragmatic drug policies based on common sense and driven by human rights interests.
      Read More
      Marijuana
      International Economics
      Studying timely issues in global economic policy as well as developmental policy in foreign countries.
      Read More
      International paper currencies stacked together, showing range of colors and styles
      Presidential Elections
      Offering nonpartisan analysis of elections to better understand the changing dynamics of presidential campaigns.
      Read More
      An assortment of campaign buttons from a variety of US elections and political pursuits are displayed in a collage
      Religion and Public Policy
      Exploring how religion and cultural factors interact with public policy issues.
      Read More
      A worn path stretches between rows of olive trees
      Science and Technology Policy
      Addressing a broad range of policy issues that affect scientists and their research.
      Read More
      A scientist picks up test tubes from a rack.
      Space Policy
      Focusing on U.S. space policy and the future of space travel.
      Read More
      The International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth at sunrise
  • Events
    US MEXICO Flags
    Center for the U.S. and Mexico
    Wed, May. 31, 2023 | 5 pm - 6:45 pm
    The US-Mexico Relationship: A Conversation with the Honorable Earl Anthony Wayne, Former US Ambassador to Mexico See Details
    Small child reaches into drawer with firearm
    Center for Health and Biosciences
    Fri, Jun. 02, 2023 | 8 am - 4 pm
    Preventing Firearm Injury in the Greater Houston Area Through Purpose and Policy See Details
    Teen Depression
    Center for Health and Biosciences | Child Health Policy
    Tue, Jun. 06, 2023 | 4 pm - 5 pm
    Baker Briefing: America’s Youth in Crisis — How Policy Interventions Can Help See Details
  • Experts
    • Biomedical Research
    • Child Health
    • China
    • Conflict Resolution in the Middle East
    • Domestic Health Policy
    • Drug Policy
    • Energy
    • Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
    • Global Health
    • Health and Biosciences
    • Human Rights and Refugees
    • International Economics
    • Islam and Politics
    • Latin American Energy
    • Middle East
    • Political Economy of the Arab Gulf
    • Presidential Elections
    • Public Finance
    • Religion and Public Policy
    • Science and Technology
    • Space Policy
    • Texas Politics
    • U.S. and Iran
    • U.S. and Mexico
    • See All Experts
    • Experts in the News
  • Support
    • Join the Baker Roundtable
      Join the Baker Roundtable
      Learn more about the Baker Institute’s membership forum, which supports the mission of the institute and offers members exclusive access to experts and events.
      Read More
      RT
    • Major Gifts
      Major Gifts
      Major gifts provide the funds necessary for the Baker Institute to explore new areas of study and research, and expand current programs.
      Read More
      Wallace S. Wilson meeting with former British Prime Minister Tony Blair
    • Endowments
      Endowments
      Endowment gifts provide the Baker Institute with permanent resources that support research programs, fellows and scholars.
      Read More
      Pictured from left are William Martin, Katharine Neill Harris, Ambassador Edward Djerejian, Alfred C. Glassell, III, and Pam Lindberg
    • Planned Giving
      Planned Giving

      Plan a gift that will ensure lasting, meaningful support for policy programs important to you.

       

      Read More
      meeting
    • Corporate Support
      Corporate Support
      Corporations can become involved with the institute in a number of ways and see the benefit from the research conducted by our fellows and scholars.
      Read More
      Wide shot of the Doré Commons during a Shell Distinguished Lecture Series event featuring Wim Thomas
  • About
    • People
      People
      Learn more about the Baker Institute's leadership and get contact information for the administrative staff.
      Read More
      Secretary James A. Baker, III, stands with a portion of the Berlin Wall, outside of Baker Hall
    • Student Opportunities
      Student Opportunities
      Through the internships on campus and beyond, Rice students can explore careers in public policy, or simply become better informed about important issues of the day.
      Read More
      Amb. Edward P. Djerejian speaks with students outside Baker Hall
    • Annual Report
    • Podcast: Baker Briefing
      Podcast: Baker Briefing
      Baker Briefing is a weekly podcast that tackles the most critical foreign and domestic policy issues of the day in conversations with experts at the Baker Institute.
      Read More
      Logo for the Baker Briefing Podcast (Square)
    • Contact
      Contact Us
      Complete a form for event, media or other inquiries, and get directions and parking information for the Baker Institute.
      Read More
      The front of Baker Hall, from across the plaza, with fountain in foreground
  • Contact
  • Research
    • Economics & Finance
      Economics & Finance
      Read More
    • Energy
      Latest Energy Research
      Summary on Latest Energy Research
      Read More
    • Foreign Policy
      Foreign Policy
      Read More
    • Domestic Policy
      Domestic Policy
      Read More
    • Health & Science
      Health & Science
      Read More
    • All Publications
  • Facebook
  • Youtube
  • Twitter
  • Linkedin
  • Economics & Finance
  • Energy
  • Foreign Policy
  • Domestic Policy
  • Health & Science
  • All Publications
McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth | Issue Brief

Blockchain Not Bitcoin: Agriculture and Health Care Companies Thrive on New Technology

December 19, 2022 | Alexandra E. Bello
A graphic of blockchain technology.

Table of Contents

Author(s)

Portrait for Alexandra Bello
Alexandra E. Bello
Research Manager
Read More

Share this Publication

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Email
  • Linkedin
  • Print This Publication
  • Cite This Publication

    Bello, Alexandra. 2022. Blockchain Not Bitcoin: Agriculture and Health Care Companies Thrive on New Technology. Issue brief no. 12.XX.22. Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy, Houston, Texas.

    Copy Citation

As Bitcoin approached $70,000 in November 2021,[1] cryptocurrency enthusiasts were exuberant about blockchain technology and the rise of digital currency. The crypto craze calmed substantially in the months that followed,[2] however, and it wasn’t long before crypto exchanges Celsius, Voyager and FTX filed for bankruptcy.[3] Collectively, they owe customers over $9 billion.[4] Naturally, calls to improve the regulation of digital financial markets have followed.[5]

By contrast, innovators in the agriculture and health care industries have successfully integrated blockchain, the technology that underlies cryptocurrency, without controversy or new regulatory frameworks. The so-called ag-tech and health tech sectors are also attracting significant investment. In 2021, they received $11.4 billion and $29.1 billion, respectively, in venture capital funds.[6]

This issue brief outlines how blockchain technology is transforming the current business landscape — particularly the agricultural and health care sectors. Through its ability to provide both transparency and security, blockchain is being used by agricultural and health care companies to enhance interoperability, traceability and efficiency.  

What Is Blockchain?

A blockchain is a digital database containing information that can be simultaneously used and shared within a decentralized network.[7] Participants can confirm transactions without a need for a central clearing authority.

According to consulting firm PwC, blockchain can be thought of as a next-generation business-process improvement software with the potential to improve efficiency and reduce costs, especially for businesses.[8] The technology has a wide range of potential applications, from financial services to logistics.

Problems in Agriculture: Transparency and Safety

In the agriculture industry, blockchain technology is one form of ag-tech being deployed to satisfy consumer preferences and improve product safety. According to a report by IBM and the National Retail Federation, purpose-driven consumers — who choose products and brands based on how well they align with their values — now represent the largest segment (44%) of shoppers globally.[9] Nearly 70% of purpose-driven shoppers prefer to buy sustainable, organic or environmentally responsible products, and they spend considerable time researching brands. Though their demands may seem daunting for businesses, purpose-driven consumers are ideal shoppers for several reasons: Compared to other segments of shoppers, purpose-driven consumers are more likely to impulse shop, to buy more than what’s on their shopping list and to share their brand preferences with friends and family. (See Figure 1.) Ignoring purpose-driven consumers means losing shoppers who make up an enthusiastic and lucrative segment of the market.[10]

Figure 1 — Purchasing Power Among Purpose-driven Consumers

Bello Blockchain 121622 Fig 1
Source  Karl Haller et al., “Consumers want it all,” IBM Institute for Business Value, https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/YZYLMLEV.

 

In addition to sustainability and other environmental considerations, food safety lapses present another concern for consumers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are 48 million cases of foodborne illness every year in the United States from 31 known pathogens and other agents,[11] and that foodborne illnesses contribute to over 3,000 deaths.[12] For these reasons, both public- and private-sector stakeholders are interested in prioritizing food safety.

The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was adopted in 2011 to focus public and private resources on preventing foodborne illnesses. Notably, the FSMA required the development of enhancements for recordkeeping and the tracking and tracing of food. It also called for pilot projects in coordination with the food industry to “evaluate methods to rapidly and effectively identify recipients of food to prevent or mitigate a foodborne illness outbreak” through “the development and demonstration of appropriate technologies.”[13] Building on the principles of the FSMA, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released its 2020 report “New Era of Smarter Food Safety” to outline its future food safety approach. In the report, the FDA emphasizes the importance of tech-enabled traceability and the development of smarter tools for prevention and outbreak response.[14] It also specifically acknowledges blockchain as a plausible way to “receive critical tracking events and key data elements from industry and regulatory partners.”[15]

Blockchain Solutions: Improving Transparency and Safety in Agriculture

In order to meet demands for sustainability and transparency, companies are actively adopting blockchain technology. For example, IBM Food Trust, a blockchain-based food traceability platform, allows consumers to access specific information regarding food safety, freshness and farming practices. All data is stored on blockchain ledgers protected by commercial-grade encryption.[16] Transaction partners, such as farmers, manufacturers and suppliers, can enter specific information about a product over the course of its journey from farm to table. This data improves the food supply chain in seven key areas:

  1. Supply chain efficiency. Data is used to forecast demand, enabling businesses to grow.
     
  2. Brand story. End-to-end traceability empowers consumers to buy food that meets their values, including organic or sustainably grown products.
     
  3. Food freshness. Accessible harvesting, transportation and temperature data helps identify inefficiencies and improve freshness.
     
  4. Food safety. The ability to quickly trace products mitigates the spread of foodborne illnesses.
     
  5. Food fraud. Storing records in a decentralized and immutable manner reduces fraudulent claims.
     
  6. Waste reduction. In the event of a food recall, grocery stores are able to pinpoint affected products and reduce food waste.
     
  7. Sustainability. The digitization of documentation ensures product authenticity, especially for products purportedly grown in certain regions or through specific environmentally conscious processes.

A blockchain’s unique ability to provide both transparency and security makes it a valuable tool for businesses. With purpose-driven consumers now representing the largest segment of shoppers, companies that deliver sustainable, environmentally conscious products have a competitive advantage. Additionally, businesses using blockchain technology can leverage real-time data to improve efficiencies and reduce waste, improving their bottom line. IBM Food Trust is priced at $100 per month for businesses with less than $50 million in revenue, $1,000 per month for businesses with up to $1 billion in revenue and $10,000 per month for business giants.[17] The cost appears to be worth it to industry leaders Walmart, Nestlé, California Berry Farms and Carrefour,[18] all of which have adopted the platform. 

Expanding and Funding Ag-tech

Regulatory agencies are also encouraging the adoption of blockchain. In 2021, the FDA issued the “Low- or No-Cost Tech-Enabled Traceability Challenge” as part of its smarter food-safety initiative (see Figure 2). The agency received 90 submissions from around the world and selected 12 winners to present their entries in a public forum hosted by the FDA. Three of the winners — Atma.io, TagOne and Wholechain — utilized blockchain technology.[19] Launched by packaging giant Avery Dennison, Atma.io already manages over 22 billion items on its platform.[20] TagOne provides real-time tracking to businesses in the food and beverage, supplement and CBD industries.[21] Wholechain focuses on responsible ingredient sourcing, most recently partnering with beauty brand Aveda to trace Madagascar vanilla in its products.[22] All three winners are leveraging blockchain’s unique ability to improve transparency via a decentralized, immutable ledger.

Figure 2 — Low- or No-cost Tech-enabled Traceability Challenge

Bello Blockchain 121622 Fig 2
Source  PrecisionFDA, “The FDA New Era of Smarter Food Safety Low- or No-Cost Tech-Enabled Traceability Challenge,” accessed October 3, 2022, https://precision.fda.gov/challenges/13/results.

 

Venture capital funding for ag-tech grew to $11.4 billion in 2021.[23] Its growth has been largely driven by supply chain challenges and consumer-led pushback over traceability. Bayer’s crop science division and Amazon Web Services are currently partnered with BlockApps, an enterprise blockchain provider that has raised over $40 million in funding[24] and is the creator of TraceHarvest, a blockchain application that traces the full life cycle of agricultural products. TraceHarvest is designed to assist farmers, manufacturers, distributors and processors with “supply chain efficiencies, transparency, compliance and stewardship.”[25] In addition to blockchain technology, venture capitalists are expected to invest in farm management software, smart field equipment and field IoT (internet of things).[26]

Figure 3 — Ag-tech Venture Capital Deal Activity (2011-2021)

Bello Blockchain 121622 Fig 3
Source  Plamena Malinova, “Agtech and the future of sustainable food production,” Pitchbook (blog), last modified July 21, 2022, https://pitchbook.com/blog/agtech-and-the-future-of-sustainable-food-production.

 

Problems in Health Care: Product Verification, Contracts and Charge-backs

Meanwhile, health care companies are deploying blockchain technology to meet the requirements of the 2013 Drug Supply Chain and Security Act (DSCSA) for prescription drug traceability.[27] Beginning in 2023, the DSCSA will require interoperable, electronic tracing of pharmaceutical products at the package level.[28]

When manufacturers, wholesalers and group purchasing organizations (GPOs) do not communicate effectively, errors occur. The current systems are not instantaneous, which contributes to pricing discrepancies among stakeholders. Correcting these mistakes requires the manual entry of returns, credits and resubmissions. This time-intensive process drags out payment cycles for manufacturers, wholesalers and GPOs alike, resulting in higher individual payments and the potential for outstanding balances to accumulate interest. Both outcomes are undesirable for businesses wanting to maintain optimal cash flow.

A Blockchain Solution for Health Care: The MediLedger Network

The MediLedger Network leverages blockchain technology to be the “ultimate privacy-first platform for healthcare trading partner transactions.”[29] Its goal is to establish alignment, accuracy, privacy and decentralization among its members,[30] which include biotech, pharmaceutical and distribution companies. Chronicled, the network’s custodian, remains responsible for developing solutions on the network and authenticating new users.[31] In 2019, MediLedger joined a cross-industry pilot program by the FDA intended to evaluate blockchain solutions with potential to meet DSCSA requirements.[32]

Using blockchain technology, MediLedger allows product verification to happen in under a second. This enables quick and safe movement of pharmaceutical products through the supply chain. In the event of a merger or acquisition, the global trade item number (GTIN) on a pharmaceutical product can be transferred seamlessly via the blockchain from one manufacturer to another;[33] this quick transfer allows distributors to verify the product immediately, preventing delays.

Chronicled also tackles charge-back and contract issues through the MediLedger Network. Its roster system securely integrates customer identity data in real time, reducing charge-back disputes and pricing errors. MediLedger also increases price accuracy by facilitating real-time contract-sharing between manufacturers, wholesalers and GPOs. In addition, its use of the blockchain enables auto-adjudication to manage returns, credits and resubmissions. By eliminating manual errors, payment cycles are shortened, promoting optimal cash flow for businesses.

Figure 4 — MediLedger Network DSCSA 2023 Proposal

Bello Blockchain 121622 Fig 4
Source  U.S. Food and Drug Administration, DSCSA Pilot Project Program Participant Results, https://www.fda.gov/media/147173/download.

 

Expanding and Funding Interoperable Systems

Chronicled has raised $36.3 million over 10 rounds of funding.[34] Most recently, venture capital fund True Global Ventures 4 Plus (TGV) invested $8.3 million in the company. TGV founding partner and director Dušan Stojanović noted, “We have invested substantially in Web3 in the gaming and entertainment sector where interoperability is and will be key. We see some of these trends being as important if not more important in the pharma Web3 industry.”[35] It is clear that interoperable systems have the potential to reduce medical errors and improve care. Directing more funding toward these pursuits is an important step in creating an efficient health care system.  

Venture capital firm Portfolia also contributed to Chronicled’s Series A funding round.[36] Founded by Trish Costello in 2013, Portfolia creates investment funds designed for women and backs innovative companies for returns and impact.[37] Prior to founding Portfolia, Costello co-founded the prestigious Kauffman Fellows Program, which trains venture capitalist partners.[38] Portfolia is also an investor in B.well, a digital platform focused on health care interoperability,[39] and Xandar Kardian, whose home health-monitoring system automatically collects and shares data with an individual’s physician.[40]

Portfolia is not the only venture capital firm interested in health tech. In 2019, digital health start-ups raised $8.2 billion.[41] Driven largely by the pandemic, that number rose to an all-time high of $29.1 billion in 2021.[42] McKinsey & Company has identified five key categories where health tech could be implemented: research and development, wellness and disease prevention, screening and diagnosis, care delivery, and finance and operations.[43] With the potential to reduce health care costs by $500 billion, digital health interventions are expected to see even more funding in the future.[44]

Figure 5 — U.S. Digital Health Funding and Deal Size

Bello Blockchain 121622 Fig 5
Source  Rock Health, 2021 year-end digital health funding: Seismic shifts beneath the surface," last modified January 10, 2022, https://rockhealth.com/insights/2021-year-end-digital-health-funding-seismic-shifts-beneath-the-surface/.

 

Conclusion      

Investors are backing health tech and ag-tech companies at a growing rate, highlighting demand for improved agricultural and health care systems. In order to meet demands for sustainability and transparency within the food industry, private and public stakeholders are allocating resources to build and implement blockchain solutions; blockchain technology is also useful for drug manufacturers and wholesalers, as it eliminates the manual effort needed to verify customer and pricing information. By auto-verifying information against the blockchain ledger, pricing data is available in real time, reducing wait times for medicines.

Cryptocurrencies may remain volatile investments, but the blockchain technology that enables them has successfully embedded itself into the current business landscape — and companies that are able to leverage blockchain technology to increase traceability and interoperability can expect future success.

Endnotes


[1] “Bitcoin Historical Data,” Coin Market Cap, accessed November 8, 2022, https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin/historical-data/. 

[2] “Bitcoin Historical Data.”

[3] “Celsius Network Files Chapter 11 Bankruptcy,” State of Vermont Department of Financial Regulation, last modified July 14, 2022, https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumer-alert/celsius-network-files-chapter-11-bankruptcy; “Voyager Digital Files Chapter 11 Bankruptcy,” State of Vermont Department of Financial Regulation, last modified July 12, 2022, https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumer-alert/voyager-digital-files-chapter-11-bankruptcy; “Case Info,” Kroll Restructuring Administration, accessed November 22, 2022, https://cases.ra.kroll.com/FTX/.

[4] Vicky Huang, “Quarter’s Big Crypto Bankruptcies Revealed Nearly $10 Billion Owed to Creditors,” Wall Street Journal, last modified September 30, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-news-today-2022-09-30/card/crypto-bankruptcies-reveal-nearly-10-billion-owed-to-creditors-dX4dTSudH0Fz3d16W02J; “Collapsed FTX owes nearly $3.1 billion to top 50 creditors,” Reuters, last modified November 21, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/collapsed-ftx-owes-nearly-31-bln-top-50-creditors-2022-11-20/.

[5] Patricia Kowsmann, “Financial Stability Board Wants to Regulate Crypto Like Banking,” Wall Street Journal, last modified October 11, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-news-today-2022-10-11.

[6] Plamena Malinova, “Agtech and the future of sustainable food production,” Pitchbook (blog), last modified July 21, 2022, https://pitchbook.com/blog/agtech-and-the-future-of-sustainable-food-production; Rock Health, 2021 year-end digital health funding: Seismic shifts beneath the surface, last modified January 10, 2022, https://rockhealth.com/insights/2021-year-end-digital-health-funding-seismic-shifts-beneath-the-surface/.

[7] Merriam-Webster, s.v. “blockchain (n.),” accessed December 13, 2022, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blockchain.

[8] “Making sense of bitcoin, cryptocurrency and blockchain,” PwC, accessed December 13, 2022, https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/financial-services/fintech/bitcoin-blockchain-cryptocurrency.html.

[9] Karl Haller et al., “Consumers want it all: Hybrid Shopping, sustainability, and purpose-driven brands,” IBM Institute for Business Value, https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/YZYLMLEV.

[10] Haller et al., “Consumers want it all.”

[11] “Burden of Foodborne Illness: Findings,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, last modified November 5, 2018, https://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/2011-foodborne-estimates.html.

[12] “Burden of Foodborne Illness: Findings,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

[13] Food Safety Modernization Act, USC. § 204 (2011) https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-111publ353/pdf/PLAW-111publ353.pdf.

[14] U.S. Food and Drug Administration, New Era of Smarter Food Safety: FDA’s Blueprint for the Future, last modified July 2020, https://www.fda.gov/media/139868/download.

[15] New Era of Smarter Food Safety: FDA’s Blueprint for the Future,” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, July 2020, https://www.fda.gov/media/139868/download.

[16] IBM, “About IBM Food Trust,” https://www.ibm.com/products/supply-chain-intelligence-suite/food-trust.

[17] Sophie Chapman, “IBM launches its blockchain tracker, IBM Food Trust,” SupplyChain, last modified May 17, 2020, https://supplychaindigital.com/technology/ibm-launches-its-blockchain-produce-tracker-ibm-food-trust.

[18] Chapman, “IBM launches its blockchain tracker, IBM Food Trust”; Darryn Pollock, “Nestlé Expands Use of IBM Food Trust Blockchain To Its Zoégas Coffee Brand,” Forbes, last modified April 15, 2020, https://bit.ly/3Y9B2R7; California Berry Farms, “California Giant is Blockchain Compliant,” last modified May 18, 2020, https://www.calgiant.com/newsroom/california-giant-is-blockchain-compliant/; Carrefour, “Carrefour is the first retailer to use blockchain technology with its own-brand organic products, providing consumers with more transparency,” press release, April 12, 2022, https://www.carrefour.com/sites/default/files/2022-04/CARREFOUR_bio_blockchain.pdf.

[19] PrecisionFDA, “The FDA New Era of Smarter Food Safety Low or No-Cost Tech-Enabled Traceability Challenge,” accessed October 3, 2022, https://precision.fda.gov/challenges/13/results.

[20] Atma.io, “The world’s leading connected product cloud,” accessed October 10, 2022, https://www.atma.io.

[21] TagOne, “Solutions,” accessed October 13, 2022, https://www.tagone.com/solutions.

[22] Aveda, “Our new standard for vanilla sourcing,” accessed October 15, 2022, https://www.aveda.com/living-aveda-article-our-blockchain-pilot-program-launch.

[23] Malinova, “Agtech and the future of sustainable food production.”

[24] BlockApps, “BlockApps and AWS collaborate to accelerate TraceHarvest network scalability and customer success,” last modified March 17, 2021, https://blockapps.net/blockapps-and-aws-traceharvest-announcement/.

[25] BlockApps, “TraceHarvest Transforming Agriculture,” accessed October 11, 2022, https://blockapps.net/products/industry-applications/traceharvest/.

[26] Jordan Rubio, “Market Map: Precision ag startups are fertile ground for VCs,” Pitchbook, last modified April 4, 2022, https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/market-map-precision-agtech-startups-vc.

[27] U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA),” accessed November 16, 2022,  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-supply-chain-integrity/drug-supply-chain-security-act-dscsa.

[28] Drug Supply Chain and Security Act § 202, 21 U.S.C. § 360eee-1(g)(1), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/360eee-1.

[29] MediLedger, “Live Solutions,” accessed September 6, 2022, https://www.mediledger.com/#Technology.

[30] MediLedger, “Live Solutions.”

[31] Chronicled, “About Us,” accessed November 19, 2022, https://www.chronicled.com/about-us.

[32] U.S. Food and Drug Administration, DSCSA Pilot Project Program Participant Results, 2022, https://www.fda.gov/media/147173/download.

[33] Chronicled, “Product Verification,” accessed September 8, 2022, https://www.chronicled.com/product-verification.

[34] “Chronicled Financials,” Crunchbase, accessed September 8, 2022, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/chronicled/company_financials.

[35] “Chronicled, a Web3-powered network within the life sciences industry receives US$8.3 million funding from True Global Ventures,” Cision, last modified February 17, 2022, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chronicled-a-web3-powered-network-within-the-life-sciences-industry-receives-us8-3-million-funding-from-true-global-ventures-who-is-backing-for-the-first-time-a-female-founder-301484444.html.

[36] “Chronicled Financials,” Crunchbase.

[37] Portfolia, “Our Story,” accessed September 5, 2022, https://www.portfolia.co/our-story.

[38] Portfolia, “Our Story.”

[39] Portfolia, “Funds Overview,” accessed September 1, 2022, https://www.portfolia.co/funds-overview.

[40] Xandar Kardian, “Home Health Monitoring,” accessed September 8, 2022, https://www.xkcorp.com/healthtech/home-health-monitoring/.

[41] Rock Health, 2021 year-end digital health funding.

[42] Rock Health, 2021 year-end digital health funding.

[43] Daniel Cohen et al., “Healthtech in the fast lane: What is fueling investor excitement?,” McKinsey and Company, last modified December 1, 2020, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/healthtech-in-the-fast-lane-what-is-fueling-investor-excitement.

[44] Daniel Cohen et al., “Healthtech in the fast lane.”

 

 

This material may be quoted or reproduced without prior permission, provided appropriate credit is given to the author and Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy. The views expressed herein are those of the individual author(s), and do not necessarily represent the views of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy.

©2022 Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy
  • Print This Publication
  • Share
    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • Email
    • Linkedin

Related Research

Pregnant woman sitting on bed, cradling belly
McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth | Commentary

The Formula Shortage: Economic Impact and Policy Responses

Read More
Property Taxes
McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth | Quick Take

How Tax Rate Notices Can Better Serve Texas Taxpayers

Read More
Texas flag money
McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth | Research Paper

Enhancing Truth-in-Taxation Policies in Texas

Read More
  • Facebook
  • Youtube
  • Twitter
  • Linkedin
  • Donate Now
  • Media Inquiries
  • Membership
  • About the Institute
  • Rice.edu
Contact Us

6100 Main Street
Baker Hall MS-40, Suite 120
Houston, TX 77005

Email: bipp@rice.edu
Phone: 713-348-4683
Fax: 713-348-5993

Baker Institute Newsletter

The email newsletter of Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy provides a snapshot of institute news, research and upcoming events.

Sign Up

  • © Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy
  • Web Accessibility
  • Privacy Policy