The authors identify bottlenecks in the oil the oil and gas value chain that physically cause upstream flaring at the well; analyze the economic reasons for flaring, market distortions that could exacerbate it, and the cost to society of flaring, then lay out an agenda for researchers and policymakers.
Mark Agerton, Ben Gilbert, Gregory Upton Jr.July 22, 2020
The authors investigate two plausible causes for the significant price discount of U.S. crudes during the U.S. “shale boom” and evaluate how much each mattered.
At least 164 papers have defined a "patent thicket" since the first mention of the term in 1988. Authors are frequently inconsistent in their definitions and overall there is evidence of a growing confusion concerning patent thickets. Our analysis largely resolves this confusion.
As of 2013, Colombia faces various challenges associated with managing an uncertain international economic environment and reversing adverse long-term trends, notably high domestic inequalities and the weakening of its manufacturing and agricultural sectors.
Special drawing rights (SDRs) should become a more relevant instrument of international monetary cooperation. This requires transforming them into a pure reserve asset and the International Monetary Fund into a fully SDR-funded institution.