Sanctions against Venezuela have reduced PDVSA and the Maduro regime's revenues, but they have failed to lead to a path toward democracy or avert Venezuela’s economic and humanitarian collapse. The authors offer policy options for the Biden administration's consideration.
Francisco J. Monaldi, José La Rosa ReyesFebruary 23, 2021
U.S. backing of key gas infrastructure projects in Central and Eastern Europe can foster deeper market liberalization, the authors write, and make European partners more resilient against Russian energy coercion.
Gabriel Collins, Anna B. MikulskaFebruary 12, 2021
U.S. policy should facilitate and support investment in Latin America’s oil and gas sectors, which would contribute to energy security and support economic integration with Mexico and Latin America, writes fellow Francisco J. Monaldi.
The authors describe five high priority challenges that must be overcome to accelerate the beneficial use of produced and other non-fresh water sources brought to the surface during oil and gas production.
Broad collaborative action between the government, industry, municipalities and other stakeholders is necessary to enable the beneficial use of non-fresh water, especially produced water from oil and gas production.