By Marwan Muasher, Ph.D., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
The author explores reform efforts and identifies challenges in Jordan following the Arab Spring.
The brief is part of a two-year project is generously supported by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
This paper examines the progress of energy subsidy reforms in the Persian Gulf, documenting policy changes in all six monarchies and briefly examining the role of energy and the state.