A quantitative study examines how heightened geopolitical risk, coupled with lower oil prices, hampers the economic potential of mega construction projects in Arab Gulf states.
Hany Abdel-Latif, Mahmoud A. El-GamalFebruary 5, 2020
The impending demise of petrodollar-supported capitalist Islamism, the failures of which begat 21st century terrorist Islamism, incentivizes the Muslim middle class and timocracies to find another outlet for Muslim liberation theology. This amplifies manifold the risks (and potential, but limited, benefits) of “Islamic finance.”
As of 2013, Colombia faces various challenges associated with managing an uncertain international economic environment and reversing adverse long-term trends, notably high domestic inequalities and the weakening of its manufacturing and agricultural sectors.
Special drawing rights (SDRs) should become a more relevant instrument of international monetary cooperation. This requires transforming them into a pure reserve asset and the International Monetary Fund into a fully SDR-funded institution.